The word democracy is derived from the Greek words demos (people) and kratos (rule). It was first used around 500 bce to describe political systems in some Greek city-states, most notably Athens. Democracy is more than just a simple system of government that allows people to vote in elections for their preferred leaders; it also stands for fundamental freedoms, human development and good governance. It is inextricably linked to the rule of law that protects individual rights and ensures equality before the law.
Free and fair elections and a commitment to peaceful transfers of power are the hallmarks of democracy. A commitment to this principle requires open competition in elections, respect for the results of an election and a willingness to transfer power from one party to another. A democratic government must have a strong and loyal opposition that advocates for its policy interests but does not break laws or norms to thwart the will of the majority or use violence to cling to power. Democracy also entails respect for the rights of political minorities and an enabling environment at national and international levels for the protection and realization of their full potential.
There is always room for improvement in democracy. In general, citizens want politicians to be more responsive and less corrupt, and they also expect them to have a better understanding of their needs. The Global State of Democracy Indices — which combine 13 extant data sources and 116 individual indicators — suggest that there are three main ways to improve democracy: increase the representation of the people, strengthen the ability of government to meet the demands of the people, and give the people real power and voice.
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